Attention! These types of tumors specifically target women. You need to know these common signs.

In the field of women's health, tumors are a topic that cannot be ignored. Women face different tumor risks than men due to their unique physiological structure and physiological cycle. Today, the incidence of malignant tumors is increasing worldwide and is showing a trend of younger people.

Pingjiang County First People's Hospital aims to provide women with a popular science guide on female tumors to help everyone better understand these diseases. Let's learn about it together!

1. Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is one of the few cancers with a clear cause. In a woman's lifetime, the probability of being infected with high-risk HPV is over 70%, but less than 10% of women develop cervical cancer or precancerous lesions, so there is no need to be too anxious.

1. Performance

1. Contact bleeding: Early cervical bleeding often manifests as vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse or gynecological examination.

2. Abnormal vaginal discharge: There may be an increase in vaginal discharge, which may be watery, rice-water-like or bloody, with a fishy odor.

3. Lower abdominal pain or back pain: As the disease progresses, pain in the lower abdomen or lumbosacral region may occur.

2. Early warning inspection

1. Cervical cytology test (TCT): It is an important method for screening early cervical cancer. It performs cytological examination by scraping cervical epithelial cells.

2. HPV testing: HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. Combined HPV testing can improve the accuracy of screening.

3. Colposcopy: For those with abnormal TCT or HPV test results, further colposcopy can be performed, and a biopsy can be taken for pathological examination if necessary.

2. Endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer is closely related to estrogen levels and is common in postmenopausal women and people with "three highs" and obesity . Regular gynecological examinations are essential for the early detection of endometrial cancer.

1. Performance

1. Irregular vaginal bleeding after menopause: It is the main symptom of endometrial cancer, and the amount of bleeding is generally not much.

2. Menstrual disorders: Those who have not yet reached menopause may experience increased menstrual volume, prolonged menstrual period or menstrual cycle disorders.

3. Lower abdominal pain or discomfort: Pain may occur when the tumor invades surrounding tissues or compresses nerves.

2. Early warning inspection

1. B-ultrasound examination: It can observe the thickness and morphology of the endometrium. Abnormal thickening requires further investigation.

2. Endometrial biopsy: Obtaining endometrial tissue for pathological examination through hysteroscopy or curettage is the gold standard for diagnosing endometrial cancer.

3. Ovarian Cancer

In China, the annual incidence of ovarian cancer ranks third among female reproductive system tumors, after cervical cancer and uterine body malignant tumors, but the mortality rate is the highest among female reproductive tract malignant tumors, and it is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens women's health. Ovarian cancer is the gynecological malignancy with the highest mortality rate and the worst prognosis. More than 70% of patients are already in the advanced stage when they are discovered.

1. Performance

1. Abdominal distension and pain: Since the ovaries are located deep in the pelvic cavity, early symptoms are not obvious, but abdominal distension, abdominal pain and other symptoms may appear in the late stage.

2. Abdominal mass: Some patients may feel an abdominal mass that is hard and has poor mobility.

3. Weight loss and fatigue: Late-stage patients may show cachexia symptoms, such as weight loss, anemia, fatigue, etc.

2. Early warning inspection

1. Ultrasound, CT or MRI examination: Although it is difficult to detect early ovarian cancer, it can be used as an auxiliary examination method for suspicious cases.

2. Tumor marker detection: such as CA125, HE4, etc., can be used for ovarian cancer condition monitoring and prognosis evaluation, but they are not specific diagnostic indicators.

3. Regular gynecological examinations: For high-risk groups, such as those with a family history, regular gynecological examinations should be performed, including pelvic examinations, vaginal color ultrasound, etc.

Breast cancer

Although breast cancer is not a gynecological tumor, it is briefly introduced here because of its high incidence and importance in women. Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and its incidence increases with age. Early breast cancer often has no obvious symptoms, but it can be detected early through regular breast examinations.

1. Performance

1. Breast lumps: Most of them are painless lumps with hard texture and irregular edges.

2. Nipple discharge: bloody, serous or watery nipple discharge may occur.

3. Changes in breast skin: such as orange peel-like changes, dimple sign, etc.

2. Early warning inspection

1. Breast self-examination: Perform a breast self-examination once a month and pay attention to changes in breast shape, skin and nipples.

2. Breast color ultrasound or mammography examination: For women over 40 years old or high-risk groups, it is recommended to have a breast color ultrasound or mammography examination once a year.

3. Breast MRI examination: For cases with high suspicion of breast cancer, MRI and biopsy can be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Female tumors are one of the major issues threatening women's health. By raising awareness, strengthening prevention, actively responding and scientifically treating, we can effectively reduce the incidence and mortality of tumors. Let us work together to protect the bright future of women's health!

Hunan Medical Chat Special Author: Wu Yufang, Pingjiang County First People's Hospital

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(Edited by YT)