What are the differences between raw pinellia, ginger pinellia, French pinellia, and pure pinellia?

Pinellia is a commonly used Chinese medicine, and it appears frequently in Chinese medical books of all dynasties. Currently, the most common types of Pinellia on the market include Raw Pinellia, Ginger Pinellia, French Pinellia, and Pure Pinellia. Due to different processing methods, the effects they show are slightly different. Let's first learn about Pinellia, and then introduce the similarities and differences between these types of Pinellia.

Pinellia ternata , pungent in taste, warm in nature, toxic. It enters the spleen, stomach, and lung meridians. Efficacy: drying dampness and resolving phlegm, relieving adverse reactions and stopping vomiting, and eliminating lumps and dispersing lumps. Pinellia ternata is a perennial small herb, 15 to 30 cm tall. The tuber is nearly spherical. The leaves come from the top of the tuber, with a petiole 6 to 23 cm long, and a white bulbil grows on the inner side of the lower part of the petiole; the annual leaves are simple, ovate-cordate; after 2 to 3 years, the leaves become compound leaves with 3 leaflets, the leaflets are elliptical to lanceolate, the middle leaflet is larger, 5 to 8 cm long, 3 to 4 cm wide, and the leaflets on both sides are smaller, with a sharp tip, a cuneate base, an entire margin, and smooth and hairless on both sides. The spadix is ​​terminal, and the peduncle is often longer than the petiole; the spathe is green, 6-7 cm long; the flowers are unisexual, without perianth, and monoecious; the male flowers are borne on the upper part of the inflorescence, white, with dense cylindrical stamens, and the female flowers are borne on the lower part of the male flowers, green, and the distance between the two is 5-8 mm; the appendages at the tip of the inflorescence axis extend in a rat tail shape, usually 7-10 cm long, erect, and extend out of the spathe. The berries are ovate-oval, green, 4-5 mm long. The flowering period is from May to July. The fruiting period is from August to September. It grows wild in the wet grass on the hillside, by the stream, or under the forest. It is distributed in most parts of my country. It is produced in most parts of the country; it is mainly produced in Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan, Zhejiang and other places; Sichuan has a large output and good quality.

Function and indications:

1. Drying dampness and resolving phlegm: used for sore throat, chronic pharyngitis, plum pit qi, lung cough, chronic lung disease, cough and sputum, etc., because Chinese medicine talks about visible phlegm and invisible phlegm. Invisible phlegm, such as phlegm turbidity caused by the middle jiao, and dizziness and vertigo caused by congestion in the upper part, can also be treated with Pinellia ternata;

2. Reduce adverse effects and stop vomiting: Because Pinellia has the effect of resolving phlegm, nausea and vomiting caused by phlegm and dampness in the middle jiao can be relieved by using Pinellia;
3. Dispersing nodules and relieving abdominal distension: It has a therapeutic effect on the spleen for chest and abdominal distension, stomach pain; it has the effect of reducing swelling and dispersing nodules in the throat, including scrofula and phlegm nodules, and nodules in other parts of the body. Pinellia has the effect of resolving phlegm and dispersing nodules.

Records of ancient herbal medicine:

(1) Shennong's Herbal Classic states that it is used to treat cold and heat syndrome, heart pain, gas, sore throat and pharynx, dizziness, chest distension, cough, intestinal rumbling, and to stop sweating.

(2) "Ming Yi Bie Lu" "Raw is slightly cold, cooked is warm, and is poisonous. It is used to eliminate phlegm and heat in the heart, abdomen, chest and diaphragm, cough, shortness of breath, acute pain and hard masses under the heart, vomiting due to seasonal qi, eliminate carbuncle and swelling, miscarriage, treat impotence and jaundice, and brighten the face. Raw makes people vomit, cooked makes people defecate. Use it to wash with decoction until it is smooth." People have already recognized its toxicity and found a way to prepare it. The sentence "eliminate phlegm and heat in the heart, abdomen, chest and diaphragm" deserves attention.

(3) "The pungent taste of Pinellia ternata is very different from the pungent taste of ginger and cinnamon. When it enters the throat, the patient becomes unable to speak. When applied to wounds, the blood stops flowing out. It has a pungent taste and astringent taste." This statement on the main indications of Pinellia ternata is not commonly used today.

(4) "Pinellia ternata is the key remedy for treating Yin evil that has usurped the position of Yang" in Ben Jing Shu Zheng. Phlegm is Yin evil, and the position of Yang is the upper part of the human body. This can be used in conjunction with Bie Lu.

(5) "Compendium of Materia Medica" states that "it is pungent in nature, it can dissipate stagnation; it is neutral in nature, it can reduce reflux; it is an essential medicine for treating vomiting and chest fullness." "It is dry in nature. If it is used on people with fluid deficiency and no dampness, it will cause disaster. However, Zhongsheng took its strengths and discarded its weaknesses. He thought that the stomach was injured by the spleen and not ground, not that there was stagnation and turbidity. He then supplemented it with ginseng and white honey, so that the dryness of Pinellia was completely eliminated and the grain qi in the stomach could flow. In addition, the three syndromes of Bamboo Leaf Gypsum Decoction, Ophiopogon Decoction and Warming Channel Decoction were not suitable for Pinellia to rob fluid. The ingredients used in these soups are bamboo leaf gypsum, ginseng, Ophiopogon japonicus, licorice, rice, donkey-hide gelatin and red peony root. These ingredients can also transform the dryness of Pinellia and expand its ability to dissipate stagnation and reduce stagnation. The so-called transformation and adjustment depends on change." The dryness of Pinellia corresponds to its pungent nature, which can dissipate stagnation and dissipate stagnation.

(6) "Compendium of Materia Medica Questions and Answers" "Although Pinellia ternata is harvested in the middle of summer, its roots mature in autumn. It has a dry, pungent and strong aroma, so it is mainly used to promote diuresis and is a medicine for the Yangming meridian. This is why we should not just give it the name Pinellia ternata and miss its true meaning." "Dryness and dampness are opposites. Dampness is the result of the interaction of water and fire, while dryness is the result of the non-interaction of water and fire. If fire does not evaporate water, clouds and rain will not form; if water does not support fire, dew and moisture will not fall, and dryness will result. If water does not moisten, wood energy will not grow and the grass and trees will turn yellow and fall; if fire does not evaporate, earth energy will not develop and the fat and veins will dry up. The reason why water and fire do not interact is because the metal element is restrained, which stops water and fire and makes them return to their original homes. Therefore, the god is called Rushou. He is in charge of the autumn month, when the grass and trees wither and the springs dry up. This is the proof that dry metal is in power. People who have the dry metal energy are in the stomach and large intestine of the Yangming meridian. Although the stomach belongs to the earth, it is mainly dry, so it forms dry metal with the large intestine. When metal is withdrawn, water and fire do not interact, which is dryness. Dryness is the energy that consumes water and fire. The stomach and intestines digest food and drink because they consume it with their dry energy. If the dryness is insufficient, water cannot be digested, which causes vomiting and diarrhea. Use Pinellia, Tangerine Peel, and Atractylodes as the main ingredients. "This is to analyze the cause of dryness based on its physical properties. It is a way of thinking of the ancients and can be used as a reference.

Differences in processing, toxicity, efficacy, and treatment of diseases among raw pinellia, French pinellia, ginger pinellia, and pure pinellia

1. Differences in processing methods:

1. Raw Pinellia: The tubers of Pinellia are harvested from July to September, cleaned of soil, peeled, sun-dried or oven-dried, and then impurities are removed and dust is sieved out.

2. Method of making Pinellia: Take clean raw Pinellia, soak it in cold water, avoid sunlight, soak for 10 days, if white foam appears, add 2 catties of alum for every 100 catties of Pinellia, change the water after 1 day of soaking, and soak until it tastes slightly spicy, then take it out and let it air dry. Take another licorice and grind it into coarse pieces, add water to boil it, soak lime blocks with the licorice soup, add water to mix, remove the lime residue, pour it into the Pinellia jar and soak it, stir it every day to make the color uniform, until the yellow color is soaked and there is no white core inside. Take it out and dry it in the shade. (For every 100 catties of Pinellia, use 2 catties of alum, 16 catties of licorice, and 20 catties of lime blocks)

3. Pinellia with ginger : Take the cleaned Pinellia, soak it in the same way as Pinellia above until it tastes slightly spicy, then cut ginger into slices and boil it in water, add alum and Pinellia together and cook thoroughly, take it out, dry it until 60% dry, steam it and slice it, and dry it. (For every 100 catties of Pinellia, use 25 catties of ginger and 12 catties and 8 liang of alum, and use 14 catties and 8 liang in summer)

4. Clean the Pinellia: Pick the clean Pinellia and soak it in the same way as above until it tastes slightly spicy. Then add alum and water and cook thoroughly. Take it out and dry it until it is 60% dry. After it is moistened, slice it and dry it. (For every 100 catties of Pinellia, use 12 catties and 8 liang of alum. In summer, use 14 catties and 8 liang of alum.)

2. Different levels of toxicity: Qing Banxia is slightly more toxic, French Banxia is less toxic, and Jiang Banxia has the lowest toxicity.

3. Different effects: Qing Banxia and Fa Banxia have the effects of drying dampness and resolving phlegm, while Jiang Banxia has the effects of warming the middle, resolving phlegm, relieving adverse effects and stopping vomiting.

4. Treat different diseases: Qing Banxia is used to treat cough with damp phlegm, fullness in the stomach, phlegm coagulation, and inability to cough up; Fa Banxia can be used to treat cough and asthma with excessive phlegm, dizziness due to phlegm and fluid, dizziness due to wind phlegm, and headache due to phlegm; Jiang Banxia can be used to treat vomiting due to phlegm and fluid, and fullness in the stomach.

5. Suitable for different groups of people: People with body heat and phlegm, and lighter phlegm and dampness are suitable for using Qing Banxia, ​​while people with dampness in the spleen and stomach and phlegm and fluid retention are suitable for using Fa Banxia, ​​and people with cold phlegm and cough are suitable for using Jiang Banxia.

To sum up, Jiang Banxia is relatively warm in nature and slightly toxic, and should be classified into the spleen, stomach, and lung meridians. Its main functions and effects are to relieve adverse reactions and stop vomiting, dry up dampness and resolve phlegm, and eliminate lumps and resolve knots. Jiang Banxia is good at stopping vomiting, Qing Banxia is good at resolving phlegm, and French Banxia is good at strengthening the spleen and drying dampness.

It should be noted that Qing Banxia, ​​Fa Banxia and Jiang Banxia should not be used together with Chuanwu, processed Chuanwu, Caowu, processed Caowu and Fuzi, so as not to aggravate the toxicity of the drugs.