The physiological effects of progesterone are

Estrogen, also known as progesterone, plays a very important role in the process of female pregnancy. During ovulation, women can determine whether estrogen is within the normal range by checking blood cells; after ovulation, women can also determine whether the corpus luteum function is normal based on the ovulation body temperature. What are the physiological effects of estrogen?

What are the physiological effects of estrogen?

Estrogens usually produce effects based on the action of estrogen, and the main endocrine systems are:

1. Inhibit ovulation, promote uterine wall metabolism, facilitate sperm and egg combination and insertion, and reduce uterine muscle excitability to ensure the safe development of pregnancy.

2. Estrogen converts the proliferative uterine wall into metabolic endometrium, preparing for embryo implantation; estrogen closes the cervix, reduces and thickens mucus, and reduces the degree of metal drawing. In addition, it can also suppress the immune response of pregnant women and prevent them from expelling the fetus from their bodies and causing miscarriage.

3. Inhibit the amplitude of the regular contraction of the bilateral fallopian tubes, inhibit the growth of epithelial microvilli, and regulate the function of fertilized eggs. Accelerate the shedding of epithelial cells in the vagina. Inhibits the proliferation of granulosa cells in the egg.

4. Estrogen has a positive feedback effect on the release of LH peak during the ovulation period of the pituitary gland, which increases the release of estrogen in the middle and late menstrual period; it has a negative feedback effect on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the follicular phase, inhibiting the secretion of gonadotropin. It reduces smooth muscle fluid regulation, inhibits the contraction of the uterine myometrium, reduces sensitivity to oxytocin, and is beneficial to the development of test tube embryos in the uterine cavity.

5. On the basis of the influence of estrogen, it promotes the growth of mammary gland alveoli and prepares for milk secretion.

6. Estrogen can also have a temperature-raising effect through the central nervous system. Normal female body temperature can rise by 0.3℃-0.5℃ after ovulation. This change in body temperature during ovulation can be used as a key indicator of ovulation, that is, the basal body temperature is low before ovulation, and the basal body temperature rises after ovulation due to the effect of estrogen.

7. Estrogen can promote the metabolism of water and sodium at the basal metabolic level.

Estrogen and female hormones have both inhibitory and synergistic effects. During pregnancy, the levels of these two hormones in the blood increase in parallel and reach a peak in the late pregnancy. The strong contraction of the uterus during childbirth is related to the synergistic effect of estrogen and female hormones.