What are the symptoms of malposition of the fetus?

Once it is confirmed that you are pregnant, both the pregnant woman herself and the other party will start to pay attention to various matters. Although there are no symptoms of not having enough food to eat or not getting enough nutrition now, many pregnant women do not have very good physical constitutions, and miscarriage or premature ejaculation is still a possibility. But fortunately, there are now prenatal check-ups, and regular examinations can allow Zhang to see whether the fetal position is normal. So what are the symptoms if the fetus is in an abnormal position?

The position of the fetus in the uterus is called the fetal position. The normal fetal position should be that the longitudinal axis of the fetus is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mother, the fetal head is at the entrance of the pelvis and is flexed, the chin is close to the chest wall, the spine is slightly bent forward, the limbs are flexed and crossed in front of the chest and abdomen, and the entire fetal body is oval, which is called occipital anterior position. Apart from this, all other fetal positions are abnormal fetal positions. In the second trimester, the fetal position may be abnormal, and will later automatically turn into an occiput anterior position. If the fetal position is still abnormal in the late pregnancy, it is called abnormal fetal position, also known as "malposition of the fetus". Common malpositions include the arm position with the fetal buttocks at the entrance of the pelvis, the horizontal position with the longitudinal axis of the fetus perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mother, or the oblique position. The causes of malposition of the fetus include uterine hypoplasia, uterine malformation, narrow pelvis, pelvic tumors, fetal malformation, polyhydramnios and other factors. Abnormal fetal position during delivery can cause dystocia, which often requires surgical intervention. If not handled properly, it may even endanger the lives of the mother and fetus.

Clinical manifestations

1. After 28 weeks of pregnancy , abdominal, vaginal and B-ultrasound examinations confirm abnormal fetal position.

2. Breech presentation

Abdominal examination shows that the uterus is longitudinally oval, and a round, hard fetal head that feels like a floating ball when pressed can be felt at the bottom of the uterus. A soft, wide, irregular fetal buttocks can be felt above the pubic symphysis. The fetal heartbeat is most clearly heard to the left or right side above the navel. B-ultrasound examination showed that the fetal head was below the rib margin. Above the pubic symphysis is the arm or the foot.

3. Horizontal position

The uterus is transversely oval, the fetal head can be felt on one side of the mother's abdomen, and there is a relatively empty space above the pubic symphysis. The fetal heart sounds are clearest on both sides of the umbilicus. B-ultrasound examination shows that the fetal head is on one side of the mother's abdomen.

diagnosis

The most common abnormal fetal positions are breech presentation and occiput posterior presentation, while transverse presentation and facial presentation are less common. The reasons are not very clear, but may be related to the following factors: ① The fetal head is blocked from entering the pelvis, such as cephalopelvic disproportion and placenta previa; ② The range of fetal activity is increased, such as excessive amniotic fluid, loose abdominal wall of multiparous women, twins and premature babies; ③ Uterine malformation. Fetal factors that can cause dystocia include macrosomia and fetal malformations.

Abnormal fetal position generally refers to the abnormal position of the fetus in the uterus after 30 weeks of pregnancy, which is more common in pregnant women and multiparous women with loose abdominal walls. Abnormal fetal positions include breech presentation, transverse presentation, occiput posterior presentation, facial presentation, etc. The breech presentation is the most common, while the transverse presentation poses the greatest threat to the mother and baby. Since abnormal fetal position will bring varying degrees of difficulty and danger to delivery, early correction of fetal position is of great significance in preventing dystocia.