What is the cause of endometrial polyps?

Endometrial polyps are a common gynecological disease and are "uninvited guests" in the uterus. About 7.8-34.9% of female friends suffer from endometrial polyps, and the older the age, the higher the incidence of endometrial polyps. One characteristic of endometrial polyps is that most patients do not have any discomfort symptoms before testing, and it is not easy to attract attention. Some female friends may have irregular bleeding symptoms after menstruation or infertility due to endometrial polyps.

1. Causes

1. Endocrine factors

Because estrogen can promote the proliferation of the endometrium and produce menstruation, the formation of endometrial polyps is closely related to excessively high estrogen levels. Perimenopausal and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, and regular consumption of hormone health products, will increase the estrogen level in women.

2. Inflammatory factors

Long-term gynecological inflammation, foreign bodies in the uterine cavity (such as contraceptive rings), childbirth, miscarriage, postpartum infection, surgical operations or mechanical stimulation may all cause the occurrence of endometrial polyps, and long-term inflammation will make the polyps larger and larger.

3. Others

Aging, high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, etc. are all high-risk factors for endometrial polyps.

2. Clinical manifestations

This disease can occur at any age after puberty, but is more common in women over 35 years old. Single, small endometrial polyps often have no clinical symptoms and are often discovered during gross examination after hysterectomy for other diseases or during diagnostic curettage. Some patients may experience menorrhagia and prolonged menstruation, which is related to the increase in endometrial area and excessive endometrial hyperplasia. Large polyps or polyps that protrude into the cervical canal are prone to secondary infection and necrosis, causing irregular bleeding and foul-smelling bloody secretions.

1. Irregular uterine bleeding

Excessive and prolonged menstruation or abnormal uterine bleeding before menopause, but the severity of symptoms is not related to the number, diameter and location of polyps.

2. Abdominal pain

It usually starts in the second half of the menstrual period, progressively worsens, and gradually disappears after the menstrual period ends. It is mainly due to the obstruction of endometrial polyps, which leads to poor menstrual blood discharge.

3. Abnormal leucorrhea

A small number of patients with larger polyps may experience increased leucorrhea or blood in the leucorrhea, or contact bleeding, which is especially prone to bleeding after sexual intercourse and when squatting and straining to defecate.

4. Infertility

If endometrial polyps grow in the cervical canal, they may hinder the entry of sperm into the uterine cavity; if they grow in the uterine cavity, they will hinder the implantation of the fertilized egg or affect the development of the embryo, thus leading to infertility.