What are the symptoms of abnormal pregnancy?

During pregnancy, we all hope to give birth to a healthy and smart baby, but there are many factors that influence abnormal pregnancy. If not handled properly, it may cause miscarriage or fetal malformation. For example, common early pregnancy bleeding, uterine insufficiency, and fetal growth retardation are all abnormal pregnancies.

1. Early pregnancy bleeding and embryo atrophy

In the early stages of pregnancy, there is often bloody vaginal discharge or vaginal bleeding, and some are accompanied by mild lower abdominal pain, which scares pregnant mothers who are afraid that the fetus in their belly will be lost. This situation is called "threatened miscarriage".

Clinically, in early pregnancy, about 1/4 of the pregnancies may experience bleeding, which may be caused by physiological implantation bleeding or pathological cervical lesions. Especially if there is bleeding after sexual intercourse, it is necessary to confirm whether there are cervical polyps or cervical bleeding. Most bleeding will last for several days or even weeks. The doctor will advise the patient to rest in bed and stop sexual intercourse. If necessary, the patient will be given progesterone or the cervical lesions will be treated.

If the fetal heartbeat is still not seen during ultrasound examination at 6 to 7 weeks of pregnancy, it is suspected that it is an "atrophic embryonic sac". When patients learn that the embryo result is abnormal, they often feel sad and blame themselves for being too careless and causing this misfortune.

2. Incompetent cervix

Incomplete cervical closure is the inability of the cervix to close due to "painless dilation", which causes the amniotic membrane to prolapse and leads to rupture of membranes and miscarriage. This situation often occurs in the second trimester and can cause recurrent miscarriage in the second trimester.

The main causes of cervical incompetence are congenital cervical malformations and acquired cervical injuries. Congenital causes account for about 30% to 50%, including cases in which the mother takes drugs such as DES during pregnancy. Acquired causes are mostly related to artificial abortion or cervical cone resection in the early stages of cervical cancer.

The main treatment for incompetent cervix is ​​McDonald's cervical suture at 14 to 16 weeks of pregnancy, but the possible side effects of this surgery are rupture of membranes, bleeding or infection.

3. Fetal intrauterine growth retardation

When expectant mothers have prenatal checkups, the question they like to ask most is: "Is the baby's weight normal? How much more heavy is it?" If the doctor's answer is "It's a little small!" expectant mothers will definitely be very anxious. In fact, babies' weights vary, and their heights vary. As long as the growth curve is normal, there is no need to be alarmed. However, after 37 weeks of pregnancy, if the fetal weight is 10 percentage points lower than the normal weight of the fetus at that gestational week, and there are maternal or placental problems, such as oligohydramnios or early placental calcification, the fetus may be growth retardation.

If the fetus's head circumference and abdominal circumference are both small, it is called "symmetrical growth retardation". The main reasons are poor weight gain of the mother, intrauterine infection (such as measles, syphilis), congenital abnormalities, chromosomal abnormalities, etc. However, it may also be due to the smaller body size of the parents. Based on genetic factors, the fetus will naturally be smaller.