What causes follicular cysts?

The ovaries of normal women should be solid. If fluid is formed in the ovarian tissue, causing the ovaries to increase in size, it is called a cyst. To be precise, it is an ovarian tumor. Since it is a tumor, it can be benign or malignant, cystic or solid. The mortality rate of malignant ovarian tumors is high, ranking first among gynecological tumors. Follicular cysts are not common, and we are not familiar with this disease. Some people will ask, what causes follicular cysts?

1. Causes of disease

The causes of follicular cysts involve both physiological and pathological aspects. The occurrence of cystic follicles and follicular cysts is due to: ① dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian gonadal axis; ② thickening of the ovarian tunica albuginea and obstruction of follicle rupture; ③ the fetus and newborn are affected by hormones secreted by the placenta and maternal hormones.

2. Pathogenesis

1. Macroscopic morphology: The ovarian surface is smooth or the cyst is raised, single or occasionally multiple. Located within or beneath the cortex. The diameter of the cyst rarely exceeds 4 cm, and rarely reaches 7 to 8 cm. The cyst wall is thin, the cavity surface is smooth, grayish white or dark purple, and the cyst fluid is watery or bloody.

2. Histological morphology: The cyst wall is composed of several layers of granulosa cells and the surrounding theca cells, both of which can be slightly luteinized, and the granulosa cells can form call-Exner bodies. As the cyst fluid increases, the compressed cells of the cyst wall gradually degenerate, and eventually only a layer of flat granulosa cells and hyaline theca cells remain. Histologically, it is often diagnosed as a simple cyst.

Generally speaking, the most common ovarian cysts in women of childbearing age are functional ovarian cysts, such as follicular cysts, corpus luteum cysts, lutein cysts, and polycystic ovaries. These are caused by excessive physiological reactions due to endocrine dysfunction, insufficient secretion of luteinizing hormone, and drug stimulation. Patients generally do not feel any discomfort, but a few may have menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, infertility, etc., which are often discovered accidentally during medical examinations for other reasons.

Inflammatory ovarian cysts are caused by inflammation of the fallopian tubes, which often spread to the ovaries, forming inflammatory effusions and pus, and then forming ovarian cysts. To be precise, it should be an inflammatory mass, not a true ovarian cyst.

Ovarian endometriosis cysts, also known as ovarian chocolate cysts, are also common ovarian cysts. They are caused by endometriosis affecting the ovaries, forming cysts with chocolate-like viscous liquid in the ovaries. Patients often have progressively worsening dysmenorrhea, sexual intercourse pain, infertility and menstrual disorders.

Knowing the cause of follicular cysts, this disease is not scary anymore. Knowing the cause, we can treat it. We should eat more nourishing foods, foods rich in fiber, trace elements and fiber, and vegetables, fruits and whole grains. Eat less irritating foods, and avoid lactose, animal fat, and pickled foods. You will definitely be healthy. Keep a happy mood and keep diseases away from everyone.