What are the prenatal checkups that pregnant mothers must do?

Prenatal examination is an important measure to ensure the health of mother and baby and a smooth pregnancy. Through a series of systematic medical examinations, doctors can assess the physical condition of pregnant women, detect potential health problems in a timely manner, and provide personalized medical advice to ensure the safety of mother and baby during pregnancy.

1. Initial antenatal care

The initial prenatal visit is the first comprehensive physical examination a pregnant woman has, usually early in pregnancy (before 12 weeks).

1. Cause and pathology: There is no specific cause, and it is a routine prenatal screening process.

2. Symptom identification. There are no specific symptoms, but pregnant women should take the initiative to undergo an initial check-up.

3. Diagnostic methods. Including detailed medical history, physical examination, basic laboratory tests, etc.

4. Treatment plan. The doctor will develop a personalized pregnancy management plan for the pregnant woman based on the examination results.

5. Preventive measures. There are no specific preventive measures, but pregnant women are advised to undergo initial prenatal examinations as early as possible.

6. Diet and lifestyle recommendations: Maintain a balanced diet and avoid bad lifestyle habits.

7. Rehabilitation and follow-up management. Follow up prenatal checkups as recommended by the doctor and continue to pay attention to your physical condition.

2. Weight and blood pressure monitoring

Monitoring weight and blood pressure are important indicators for assessing the physical condition of pregnant women during pregnancy.

1. Etiology and pathology: Rapid weight gain and hypertension may indicate the risk of complications during pregnancy.

2. Symptom identification. Pregnant women should monitor their weight and pay attention to whether they have symptoms of high blood pressure such as dizziness, headache, and blurred vision.

3. Diagnostic method: Use a weight scale and a blood pressure monitor to measure regularly.

4. Treatment options: Depending on your rate of weight gain and blood pressure levels, your doctor may adjust your diet, increase your exercise, or prescribe medication.

5. Preventive measures: Eat a healthy diet, exercise moderately, and keep a happy mood.

6. Diet and lifestyle recommendations: Avoid high-calorie foods, exercise regularly, and ensure adequate sleep.

7. Rehabilitation and follow-up management: Continuous monitoring of weight and blood pressure, medication if necessary, and regular prenatal check-ups.

3. Urinalysis and blood routine

Routine urine and blood tests can reflect the liver and kidney function, anemia status and infection risk of pregnant women.

1. Causes and pathology: Urinary tract infection, anemia, inflammation, etc. may affect the health of pregnant women and fetuses.

2. Symptom identification. Pregnant women should pay attention to whether they have symptoms of urinary tract infection such as frequent urination, urgency, and pain when urinating, as well as symptoms of anemia such as fatigue and dizziness.

3. Diagnostic method: Analysis is done through laboratory tests of urine and blood samples.

4. Treatment plan. Based on the test results, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics, iron supplements and other medications, as well as adjust the diet and increase nutritional intake.

5. Preventive measures: Maintain personal hygiene, avoid overwork, and eat a balanced diet.

6. Diet and lifestyle recommendations: Increase the intake of nutrients such as protein and iron, drink plenty of water, and take enough rest.

7. Rehabilitation and follow-up management. Regularly check urine and blood routine tests and continue to pay attention to physical condition.

4. Blood type and antibody screening

Blood type and antibody screening can help predict risks such as hemolytic disease of the newborn.

1. Causes and pathology: Blood type incompatibility between mother and infant may lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn.

2. Symptom identification: There are no specific symptoms, and potential risks can be prevented through screening.

3. Diagnostic method: Check the blood type and antibody status of pregnant women through blood samples.

4. Treatment plan. Based on the screening results, the doctor may develop a personalized pregnancy management plan and provide drug treatment if necessary.

5. Preventive measures. There are no specific preventive measures, but pregnant women are recommended to undergo blood type and antibody screening.

6. Diet and lifestyle recommendations: No special requirements, maintain normal diet and lifestyle.

7. Rehabilitation and follow-up management. Continue to pay attention to your physical condition and conduct follow-up prenatal checkups as recommended by your doctor.

5. Liver and kidney function tests

Liver and kidney function tests are used to assess the liver and kidney function of pregnant women.

1. Etiology and pathology: Abnormal liver and kidney function may affect the metabolism and detoxification ability of pregnant women and have adverse effects on the fetus.

2. Symptom identification: Pregnant women should pay attention to whether they have symptoms of abnormal liver and kidney function, such as jaundice, edema, and oliguria.

3. Diagnostic method: Analysis is done through laboratory tests of blood and urine samples.

4. Treatment plan. Based on the examination results, the doctor may adjust the pregnant woman's diet, drug treatment plan, etc.

5. Preventive measures: Avoid drug abuse, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and have regular prenatal checkups.

6. Diet and lifestyle recommendations: Increase protein intake, avoid overwork, and maintain good work and rest habits.

7. Rehabilitation and follow-up management: Regularly check liver and kidney function, and provide drug treatment and prenatal consultation when necessary.

The prenatal checkup items that pregnant mothers must do cover many aspects, including: blood routine, urine routine, liver and kidney function tests, which can evaluate physical condition; electrocardiogram to check heart function; blood pressure and blood sugar monitoring, which can detect gestational hypertension and diabetes early; infectious disease screening to ensure the safety of mother and baby; B-ultrasound examination to observe fetal development; pelvic measurement to estimate the difficulty of delivery; fetal heart rate monitoring to monitor fetal health; delivery method assessment to prepare for a smooth delivery. These examination items together constitute the important content of the prenatal checkup of pregnant mothers, ensuring the safety and health of mother and baby.

Author: Pan Xin, Department of Obstetrics, Wuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi