What are the causes of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia?

A very strange phenomenon is that we usually pay attention to our physical health, but people still develop many tumors. This may be related to other factors. There are smokers in your home, who may cause many tumors such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, which may be caused by inhaling nicotine. So let us understand the causes of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

1. Human papillomavirus infection

In recent years, with the deepening of research on the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the lower reproductive tract, it has been found that HPV infection is associated with the occurrence of cervical precancerous lesions. HPV infection, as a special type of sexually transmitted disease, is the cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Molecular biology and epidemiological studies have shown that human papillomavirus is carcinogenic. HPV can be divided into different types according to its carcinogenicity: HPV16, 18, 45, 56 are high-risk types, HPV31, 33, 35 and other 11 types are medium-risk types, and HPV6, 11, 26 and other 8 types are low-risk types. CINⅠ and subclinical HPV infections are often HPV types 6 and 11, and 80% of CINⅢ are HPV type 16 infections.

In patients with severe atypical cervical hyperplasia, HPV genes are often integrated into their chromosomes, which activates the E1 and E2 genes and leads to the expression of viral genes in the cervical epithelium. Subsequently, the E6 and E7 genes encode the synthesis of multifunctional proteins, thereby interfering with cell growth. This plays an important carcinogenic role in patients infected with high-risk HPV types 16 and 18. The E6 protein of high-risk HPV can bind to the tumor suppressor gene p53, leading to p53 degradation. The E7 gene product is a nuclear phosphoprotein that binds to the tumor suppressor gene (retinoblastoma gene PRb) product, leading to its functional inactivation, thereby affecting its effect of inhibiting cell growth.

2. Other factors

(1) Smoking Smoking is related to the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Nicotine, its degradation product, has a similar irritant effect to lung cancer and plays an important role in the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

(2) Microbial infection: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Trichomonas infection can increase susceptibility to HPV and thus be associated with the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

The above are the causes of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. This is a viral infection. It has a certain degree of spontaneity and is an atypical hyperplasia. Therefore, this disease will continue to worsen and develop over time. Therefore, for this disease, for patients, if it is discovered as early as possible, it needs to be treated as soon as possible so that they can get rid of the pain of the disease as soon as possible.