How to prevent the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications?

High blood sugar can harm multiple organs and tissues of the human body, leading to infection and a variety of acute and chronic complications, such as respiratory tract and urinary tract infections, skin infections (furuncles, carbuncles) and fungal vaginitis; hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia; cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic lower limb vascular disease, diabetic foot, etc. How to prevent the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications?

1. Tertiary prevention goals for diabetes

(1) Primary prevention: Control the risk factors of diabetes and prevent the occurrence of diabetes.

(2) Secondary prevention: early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment to prevent the occurrence of diabetic complications in diagnosed patients.

(3) Tertiary prevention: Delay the progression of existing diabetic complications, reduce disability and mortality rates, and improve patients’ quality of life.

2. Strategies for tertiary prevention of diabetes

(1) Primary prevention strategy

① Carry out health education among the general population to increase their awareness and participation in diabetes prevention and treatment.

② Advocate a healthy lifestyle: reasonable diet, weight control, moderate exercise, mental health, salt and alcohol restriction, smoking cessation, etc.

(2) Secondary prevention strategies

① High-risk groups: screening and health intervention.

② People who have been diagnosed with diabetes: strictly control blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood lipids in the early stages to prevent complications.

(3) Tertiary prevention strategy

① For those with cardiovascular diseases: hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, antiplatelet therapy, etc.

② For those with serious chronic complications: go to relevant specialist treatment in time.