What is the diagonal rule of the periodic table? How are the periodic table groups classified?

The periodic table is widely used in chemistry and other scientific fields as a useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior. The periodic table is of great significance. Scientists use it to find new elements and compounds. What is the diagonal rule of the periodic table? Check out the detailed introduction of the following Encyclopedia Knowledge Network.

Contents of this article

1. Periodic table diagonal rule

2. How to classify the periodic table groups?

3. How many radicals are there in the periodic table?

Periodic table diagonal rule

In the periodic table, some main group elements have similar properties to the main group elements in the lower right corner. This similarity is called the diagonal rule. For ions with the same outermost electron configuration in the same period, the polarization effect increases from left to right as the ion charge number increases. The ion polarization effect of elements in the same group gradually weakens from top to bottom. Therefore, the two elements in the upper left and lower right diagonal positions in the periodic table have opposite effects on charge number and radius. Their ionic formulas are similar, so their properties are similar. The diagonal rule is an empirical law summarized from many properties of related elements and their compounds, which can be roughly explained from the perspective of ion polarization. For metal ions with the same outermost electron configuration in the same period, the polarization effect increases from left to right as the ion charge number increases. For metal ions with the same charge number in the same group, the polarization effect weakens from top to bottom as the ion radius increases. Therefore, the two adjacent elements in the upper left and lower right diagonal positions in the periodic table have similar ion polarization effects because the effects of charge number and radius are exactly opposite, which makes their chemical properties have many similarities. This reflects the intrinsic connection between the properties and structure of matter.

How to classify the periodic table groups

The periodic table is a list of chemical elements sorted from smallest to largest according to the number of electrons in the outermost shell. The list is roughly rectangular. The periodic table forms zones of elements and is divided into seven main groups, seven sub-groups, group VIII, and group 0. The periodic table is widely used in chemistry and other scientific fields as a useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior because it can accurately predict the properties of various elements and the relationships between them.

How many radicals are there in the periodic table?

The periodic table has 118 radicals. The periodic table is a list of chemical elements sorted from smallest to largest according to their nuclear charge. The list is generally rectangular, with spaces left in some periods so that elements with similar properties are grouped in the same family, such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, rare gases, nonmetals, transition elements, etc.

This led to the formation of the element divisions in the periodic table, which are divided into seven main groups, seven sub-groups, Group VIII, and Group 0. Because the periodic table can accurately predict the properties of various elements and the relationships between them, it is widely used in chemistry and other scientific fields as a very useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior. The periodic table is of great significance, and scientists use it to find new elements and compounds.