Ovarian axis function

It is well known that the ovaries not only play an important reproductive function in the female body, but are also an important organ that controls the female body's endocrine system. For example, the axis function of the ovary is a very important function, and the normal operation of the axis function is affected by many factors. If a woman's emotions are unstable for a long time, it will lead to axis dysfunction. So what are the symptoms of ovarian axis dysfunction?

Symptoms of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis dysfunction include fever in the left posterior brain. Maintain a regular rhythm of life, have a balance between work and rest, and avoid excessive fatigue.

Pay attention to emotional regulation and avoid excessive tension and mental stimulation. Studies have shown that the mood changes of adolescent girls are often greater than at other times in their lives, and emotional fluctuations or mental stimulation are one of the important factors that induce functional uterine bleeding in adolescence. Therefore, you need to maintain a good mental state.

Strengthen dietary regulation and increase the intake of foods rich in protein, iron and vitamins, such as meat, eggs, milk, fresh vegetables and fruits. A reasonable diet is beneficial to improving the body's metabolism and strengthening the physical fitness; it is also beneficial to increasing the hemoglobin content and reducing the degree of anemia.

Pay attention to adding or removing clothes and bedding as the weather changes, and avoid excessive cold or heat which may cause endocrine disorders and lead to prolonged menstruation and increased bleeding.

Interrelationship

The hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis is a complete and coordinated neuroendocrine system. The hypothalamus regulates the release of pituitary LH and FSH by secreting GnRH, thereby controlling gonadal development and the secretion of sex hormones. Female reproduction is cyclical. Under the action of gonadotropins, the ovaries undergo periodic ovulation and are accompanied by cyclical changes in the secretion of ovarian sex hormones. Ovarian hormones have a feedback regulatory effect on the synthesis and secretion of central reproductive regulatory hormones, causing LH and FSH in the circulation to show closely related cyclical changes. When sex hormones act on the central nervous system to increase the synthesis or secretion of hypothalamic GnRH and pituitary gonadotropin, it is called positive feedback. On the contrary, the reduction of synthesis or secretion of hypothalamic GnRH and pituitary gonadotropin is called negative feedback.

Functional abnormality theory

Pituitary dysfunction is mainly manifested in excessive LH secretion without cyclical changes and LH peaks, while FSH secretion is normal or slightly low, thereby increasing the LH/FSH ratio. LH directly acts on the theca cells of the ovaries, causing them to produce excessive androgens by increasing the activity of intracellular branched-chain cleavage P450c17a. Clinically, the basic pathophysiological change of many patients and syndrome patients is that the ovaries produce too much androgen, and the excessive production of androgens is the result of the synergistic effect of multiple endocrine system dysfunctions in the body.

Hypothalamus-hypophysis system

The hypothalamus and pituitary gland form a complete neuroendocrine functional system. This system can be divided into two parts:

①Hypothalamus-adenohypophysis system. There is a neural and humoral connection between the two, that is, the peptide neurons in the hypothalamic pituitary region secrete peptide neurohormones (releasing hormone and release-inhibiting hormone), which are transported to the adenohypophysis through the pituitary portal system to regulate the secretion of corresponding adenohypophysial hormones.

Hormones of the adenohypophysis and their physiological functions Eight protein hormones have been isolated from the adenohypophysis:

①Growth hormone (GH). The main physiological functions of GH are to promote the proliferation of soft tissue, increase the bone area, and accompany the enlargement of internal organs, and the proliferation of muscles, skin, connective tissue and lymphatic organs; promote protein synthesis; when mammals are repeatedly injected with GH, blood sugar can rise, and long-term injections can lead to permanent diabetes; stimulate the reproduction of thymic lymphocytes and general lymphocytes; when GH is used in combination with several other "trophic hormones", the efficacy of these hormones can be significantly enhanced; it has a "permissive effect" on other hormones and can create a physiological environment for other hormones or factors to fully exert their effects, etc.

②Prolactin (PRH). The main physiological functions of PRH are to regulate reproductive activity and sexual behavior, promote the secretion of milk from developed mammary glands, etc.

③Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH mainly acts on the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex, causing cell proliferation and promoting the biosynthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids.

④ Lipostimulating hormone (LPH). LPH has a lipolytic effect and a slight melanocyte stimulating effect.

⑤Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). The main function of MSH is to stimulate melanocyte pigments, causing them to spread and causing the skin to darken. ⑥ Glycoprotein hormones [luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)]. There are three glycoprotein hormones in the pituitary gland, namely LH, FSH and TSH. A type of thyroid-stimulating factor (HTF) was found in the pituitary gland of bony fish, which is very similar to gonadotropin. HTF, LH and FSH all have stimulating effects on the thyroid gland of bony fish. These findings suggest that TSH, LH and FSH may originate from the same primitive molecule. Both LH and FSH have a stimulating effect on the gonads (see Female Reproductive System, Male Reproductive System). TSH mainly stimulates the thyroid gland to synthesize and secrete thyroid hormones.

②Hypothalamic-neuropituitary system. There is a direct neural connection. The peptide neurohormones secreted by the nerves of the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus can flow through the axons and directly reach the neurohypophysis through the axons and be stored there.

treat

1. General treatment is mainly to regulate the autonomic nervous system dysfunction of the brain diencephalon system, using sedatives, analgesics, antihistamines, oryzanol, etc.

(1) Oral administration of oryzanol 10 mg to 20 mg 3 times a day for 1 to 2 months has a good therapeutic effect on regulating autonomic nervous function.

(2) Vitamin B6 20-40 mg orally 3 times a day, which affects glutamate metabolism and can be used to adjust the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary.

(3) Lithium ions can change the excitability of nerves and have a sodium excretion and diuretic effect. Start taking 300 mg 3 times a day 10 days before menstruation and stop taking it after menstruation.

2. Endocrine therapy: For those with menstrual disorders and genital hypoplasia, sex hormone therapy can be given to regulate menstruation and promote genital development.