During pregnancy, women always feel that their urine volume is greater than before, and they have frequent and urgent urination, thinking that this is actually a sign of having a girl. However, this has no scientific basis, because frequent urination is a common reaction to pregnancy. Most people will gradually experience this reaction in the third month of pregnancy. They will also feel that their abdomen is gradually getting bigger, and can even feel the shape of the fetus. 1. The abdomen becomes bigger In the third month of pregnancy, the abdomen becomes noticeably larger, but before pregnancy is confirmed, the abdomen may become larger due to a tumor in the abdomen or a rapid increase in weight. Therefore, further tests must be done at this time to confirm whether pregnancy is present. 2. Feel the shape of the fetus This is also one of the reliable symptoms of pregnancy, usually around the fourth or fifth month, and you can also feel fetal movement. But remember to be careful not to mistake the abdominal tumor for the shape of a fetus. You still need to ask a doctor to make a more accurate judgment. 3. The cervix softens and the uterus becomes spherical This must be determined through internal examination by a physician. Occasionally, the uterus will have painless contractions, and you can sense the changes by touching the abdomen with your hands. 4. Pregnancy Test If your period is more than two weeks late, you can do a urine hCG test, which only takes five minutes to detect whether you are pregnant. However, it is not 100% accurate in defining intrauterine pregnancy, because in addition to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the urine of the pregnant person, other conditions such as ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, etc. will also produce a positive reaction when doing this test. Therefore, the hCG test in urine can only be used as a reference for doctors to judge whether there is pregnancy. 5. The fetus’s outline can be seen through ultrasound The location of the pregnancy and the fetal heartbeat can be determined in the sixth week of pregnancy, and ultrasound can be used to observe the various structures of the fetus after the twelfth week of pregnancy. 6. Hear the fetal heartbeat The fetal heartbeat can be clearly heard with a fetal heart monitor at 12 weeks of pregnancy. From 18th to 20th week of pregnancy, the fetal heartbeat can be heard with a fetal heart monitor, which is about 120 to 160 beats per minute. 7. Feel the movement of the fetus During the fifth month of pregnancy, you will feel the fetus moving in the uterus, which is called fetal movement. 8. Liver and Gallbladder There are not many changes in the liver during pregnancy. The liver does not enlarge or increase in blood flow. Although the morphology and size of liver cells change slightly, there is no heterogeneity. Liver function tests showed slight changes; cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, and total cholesterol increased. The ratio of plasma white, albumin and globulin decreased. 9. Endocrine changes Anterior pituitary enlargement The anterior pituitary gland enlarges 1-2 times, and the eosinophils increase and hypertrophy to become so-called pregnancy cells. Sometimes the enlarged pituitary gland can compress the optic chiasm and cause bilateral temporal hemianopsia. After delivery, the pituitary gland shrinks and recovers in about 10 days. For example, hemorrhagic shock during or after delivery can cause ischemic necrosis of the hypertrophic pituitary gland, leading to Sheehan syndrome. During pregnancy, the anterior pituitary gland secretes increased levels of prolactin (PRL), thyrotropin (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). PRL begins to increase from the 7th week of pregnancy, and the PRL value in serum can rise from 10mg/ml in the non-pregnant period to 200mg/ml in full-term pregnancy. PRL promotes breast development and prepares for postpartum breastfeeding. |
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