Left breast duct dilatation_left breast local duct dilatation

The dilatation of the left mammary duct may be caused by duct excretion disorders and abnormal stimulation, which will cause the patient to have nipple inversion and deformity, and affect the function of the nipple, thereby causing inflammation and scar hyperplasia. It is an autoimmune disease. The cause of the dilatation of the left mammary duct is mainly due to duct infection. The patient should receive relevant treatment according to the doctor's hospital.

Causes

There is no consensus on its cause, which may be related to ductal excretion disorders, abnormal hormone stimulation, infection and other factors.

The cause of this disease is unclear, but because it is common in middle-aged and elderly people, it may be a degenerative change related to inverted or deformed nipples, squamous epithelium extending into the inner wall of the duct, causing blockage of keratinized scales, or lipid secretions irritating the duct wall, causing inflammation, scar hyperplasia and secondary infection. Autoimmune disease is also possible, because in the later stages of the disease, it is often accompanied by plasma cell mastitis. In the pathology, a large number of plasma cell infiltrations are common, and the lesions recur repeatedly, so some people believe that it is an autoimmune disease.

Pathogenesis

Mammary duct dilatation is associated with inflammation

The pathogenesis of mammary duct ectasia is still controversial in academia. Generally speaking, there are the following views:

1. Catheter excretion disorder:

(1) Congenital nipple deformity, depression, uncleanness or foreign hair and fibers may cause blockage of the nipple pore, abnormal duct development, poor mammary structure, epithelial hyperplasia, inflammation, injury, etc., which may cause duct stenosis, interruption or occlusion. Poor duct drainage is often the main reason for the progression of the galactorrhea stage to the lump stage.

(2) Secretions accumulate in the duct, causing duct dilatation.

(3) In some middle-aged and elderly women, due to ovarian dysfunction, the mammary ducts undergo degeneration, the duct walls relax, and the contractility of the myoepithelial cells decreases, leading to accumulation of secretions in the ducts and expansion of the duct lumen, causing this disease.

2. Abnormal hormone stimulation:

Abnormal sex hormone stimulation can induce abnormal secretion of the duct epithelium, causing the duct to dilate significantly.

Generally speaking, the presence of obstruction alone without abnormal hormonal stimulation to promote epithelial secretion will not cause duct dilatation.

3. Infection:

It may be related to anaerobic infection or areola infection.

After a more detailed study, it was found that when the disease develops to the later stages, the mammary duct secretions not only stimulate the duct dilation, but also overflow from the duct, producing chemical substances after decomposition, causing chemical stimulation and antigenic reaction of the surrounding tissues, causing an inflammatory reaction around the duct with plasma cell infiltration as the main feature, and it is named plasma cell mastitis.