What does endocrine refer to?

The endocrine system is a circulatory system that is invisible to the naked eye, but it exists in the body and is a very important part. It is synthesized by follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin and other hormones, and affects various body functions. Once the endocrine system is abnormal, it will lead to metabolic abnormalities in the body, causing symptoms such as acne and chloasma. You can learn about what parts the endocrine system includes.

The six endocrine items generally refer to:

1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): It is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the alkaliphilic cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Its main function is the development and maturation of ovarian follicles. The concentration of blood FSH is 1.5-10U/L in the preovulatory period, 8-20U/L in the ovulatory period, and 2-10U/L in the postovulatory period. Low FSH values ​​are seen during estrogen and progesterone treatment, Sheehan's syndrome, etc. High FSH values ​​are seen in premature ovarian failure, ovarian insensitivity syndrome, primary amenorrhea, etc.

2. Luteinizing hormone (LH): It is also a glycogen protein hormone secreted by the alkaliphilic cells of the anterior pituitary. The main function is to promote ovulation and form corpus luteum to secrete hormone. The blood LH concentration is 2-15U/L in the preovulation period, 20-100U/L in the ovulation period, and 4-10U/L in the postovulation period. A level below 5 U/L is a more reliable indicator of hypogonadotropinemia, which is seen in Sheehan syndrome. If high FSH is accompanied by high LH, ovarian failure is certain. LH/FSH>=3 is one of the bases for diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome.

3. Prolactin (PRL): It is secreted by the lactating trophoblast, one of the eosinophilic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. It is a simple protein hormone whose main function is to promote breast hyperplasia, milk production and milk discharge. During the non-lactation period, the normal value of blood PR1 is 0.08-0.92nmol/L. A level higher than 1.0 nmol/L is considered hyperprolactinemia.

4. Estradiol (E2): secreted by the ovarian follicles. The main function is to make the endometrial glands grow into the proliferative stage and promote the development of female secondary sexual characteristics. The concentration of blood E2 is 48-52lpmol/L in the preovulatory period, 370-1835pmol/L in the ovulatory period, and 272-793pmol/L in the postovulatory period. Low values ​​are seen in poor ovarian function, premature ovarian failure, and Sheehan syndrome.

5. Progesterone (P): secreted by the corpus luteum of the ovary. The main function is to promote the transition of the endometrium from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase. The blood P concentration is 0-4.8mnol/L in the preovulatory period and 7.6-97.6nmol/L in the postovulatory period. Low blood P value in the late ovulation period is seen in luteal insufficiency and ovulatory uterine dysfunction bleeding.

6. Testosterone (T): 50% of testosterone in women is converted from peripheral androstenedione, 25% is secreted by the adrenal cortex, and only 25% comes from the ovaries. Its main function is to promote the development of the clitoris, labia and mons pubis, have an antagonistic effect on androgens, and have a certain impact on systemic metabolism. When a woman's plasma testosterone level is between 0.7-2.1 nmol/L and her T value is high, it is called hypertestosteronemia, which can cause female infertility.