Red urine in early pregnancy

When pregnancy just begins, mothers' bodies will experience many changes, which can be seen with careful observation. First of all, many expectant mothers will find that their urine is red when they defecate in the morning. They want to see if there are red blood cells in it. If so, it may be uterine bleeding, urinary tract infection or other functional kidney diseases, which will cause the urine to be red.

Basic Definition

This type of urine specimen is also called hematuria, which is divided into gross hematuria and microscopic hematuria. Macroscopic hematuria is urine that is visible as blood to the naked eye.

When there are >3 per high-power field, but the urine does not appear bloody, it is called microscopic hematuria. Therefore, macroscopic hematuria contains more blood and is more serious than microscopic hematuria.

Normal range

<3 per high-power field. In addition: When the urine red blood cells are >10, the urine occult blood will show positive (+).

Clinical significance

Common causes of hematuria include acute glomerulonephritis, chronic nephritis, acute pyelonephritis, and urinary tract stones. Tuberculosis, tumor, trauma, etc. If there is simply a large amount of hematuria, the possibility of stones is greatest.

1. Abnormal red blood cell standards

Birech reported that abnormal red blood cells were classified into the following seven categories: red blood cells of varying sizes and abnormal shapes [6]: ① Yeast-like red blood cells: small vesicles protrude from the outer membrane of red blood cells or the cells show mold spore-like changes. ② Fried bread roll-like red blood cells: The red blood cell membrane has two obvious inner and outer circles, and is thickened all around, shaped like a fried bread roll. ③Ancient coin-like red blood cells: shaped like ancient Chinese coins. ④Membrane-defective red blood cells: The red blood cell membrane is incomplete and part of the hemoglobin (Hb) is lost. ⑤ Macrocytic cells: The cell body is enlarged, the center is pale, and there is no double disc depression. ⑥ Microcytes: small cell body, thickened outer membrane, and enhanced refraction. ⑦ Bracelet-like red blood cells: The cell body is larger and shows obvious changes in the inner and outer membranes.

Huang Fengxian et al. on the classification of abnormal red blood cells: ① Donut-shaped red blood cells. ② Ancient coin-like red blood cells. ③The red blood cell membrane is granular and beaded. ④ Red blood cells vary in size, with larger ones being 1 to 2 times the normal size and smaller ones being 1/2 of the normal size, and their color becomes lighter. ⑤Residual red blood cells. ⑥Spore-like red blood cells. ⑦Spike-like red blood cells. ⑧Other shapes, such as the cell membrane ruptures into various shapes, such as horseshoe shape, crescent shape, etc. Other types of red blood cells, such as serrated, condensed, and uniform size, are called homogeneous types.

2. Homogeneous red blood cell standard

The red blood cells are uniform in size and change evenly, with no more than two phases. Most are normal and mulberry-like red blood cells, and some may have ghost red blood cells. This type is mostly non-glomerular hematuria.

3. Mixed red blood cell standard

According to the different proportions of abnormal and uniform red blood cells, it can be divided into two types: mixed red blood cell hematuria with mainly abnormal red blood cells (abnormal red blood cells>50%) and mixed red blood cell hematuria with mainly uniform red blood cells (uniform red blood cells account for>50%).

4. Judgment Limits

If abnormal red blood cells account for more than 80%, it is glomerular hematuria; if abnormal red blood cells account for less than 20% and homogeneous red blood cells account for more than 80%, it is non-glomerular hematuria; if abnormal red blood cells account for more than 20% and less than 80%, it is mixed hematuria.