What is the reason for a girl to feel a lump in her lower abdomen?

The appearance of hard lumps in the lower abdomen of women is generally a phenomenon caused by gynecological diseases, which are generally caused by female pelvic diseases. Pelvic tumors or cysts inside the female body can easily cause hard lumps in the lower abdomen, which not only affects physical health, but also affects normal life. It can also easily cause abdominal distension and pain, constipation and other conditions.

Causes of lumps in the lower abdomen of women

There are many ways to classify abdominal masses, which can be roughly divided into six types according to the nature of the mass:

1. Physiological "lumps" are not real diseases, but are sometimes mistaken for pathological masses. In addition to the uterus, bladder, and fecal masses, the muscles between the well-developed rectus abdominis tendons, the spine or sacral promontory in emaciation, and the spontaneously spasmodic intestines may all be misdiagnosed as pathological. Even the abdominal aorta of a person with a soft or weak abdominal wall may be mistaken for a "pulsating mass."

2. Obstructive masses: Obstructive masses in the gastrointestinal tract can cause abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, or constipation without flatus; masses obstructing the bile duct cause painless jaundice, usually without fever; masses obstructing the urinary tract often cause swelling and pain in the lower back. Strictly speaking, congestive splenomegaly and cholestatic hepatomegaly are also obstructive masses.

3. Inflammatory masses are often accompanied by inflammatory signs such as fever, local pain, and increased white blood cell count. Such as periappendicitis mass, mesenteric lymph node tuberculosis, perirenal abscess, etc.

4. Cystic masses are mostly round or oval in shape, with a smooth surface and a sense of fluctuation. Common ones include congenital polycystic liver, polycystic kidney, urachal cyst; retention pancreatic cyst, hydronephrosis; tumorous ovarian cyst; inflammatory gallbladder effusion, hydrosalpinx, encapsulated effusion; parasitic hydatid cyst, etc.

5. Tumor masses are mostly solid masses. Malignant tumors account for the majority, and are characterized by rapid development, accompanied by anemia, weight loss and cachexia in the late stage; benign tumors have a long history, are larger, smoother, and have a certain degree of mobility.

6. Traumatic masses such as spleen rupture hematoma in the left upper abdomen, pancreatic pseudocyst in the upper abdomen, retroperitoneal hematoma in the lower abdomen or pelvic cavity, etc. See Abdominal Trauma.

examine

The examination of abdominal masses requires a comprehensive and systematic approach. One should first understand the patient's general condition, pay attention to whether there are masses in other parts of the body, and whether the supraclavicular, cervical, and axillary lymph nodes are enlarged. During the abdominal examination, special attention must be paid to the location, size, shape, number, texture, tenderness, and movement of the mass.

1. Size and shape: Benign tumors can be very large, such as ovarian cysts, pancreatic cysts, etc., with a smooth surface and round shape; malignant tumors have irregular shapes, nodular surfaces, and systemic symptoms.

2. Location: The lumps may occur in the abdominal wall, abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space. In addition to palpation of the abdomen with both hands, which can easily reveal the lumps, the following methods can also be used for identification.

① Abdominal wall tension test: The patient lies on his back, lifts his head or holds his breath. If the mass is located on the abdominal wall, the mass will be more obvious due to the tense abdominal muscles. If the mass is in the abdominal cavity, it will not be as clear during palpation.

② Prone examination in the elbow-knee position: It is a method to distinguish whether the mass is located in the abdominal cavity or in the retroperitoneal space. If the mass is in the abdominal cavity, it is clearer when palpated than in the supine position, the range of motion is increased, and there is a feeling of drooping; if the mass is in the retroperitoneal space, the palpation is not as clear as in the supine position, and the mass is fixed, cannot be moved, and there is no feeling of drooping.

3. Texture and mobility: soft; elastic or cystic, movable, mostly pancreatic, common bile duct, mesenteric or ovarian cysts; fixed, hard, and uneven lumps may be malignant tumors.

4. Presence or absence of tenderness: If there is obvious pain, it may be an inflammatory mass or traumatic hematoma, such as appendiceal abscess, subcapsular hematoma, etc.