What causes vaginal bleeding after menopause?

After menopause, women generally do not have vaginal bleeding. If bleeding symptoms occur, it may be caused by some diseases, especially to prevent some malignant tumors, such as endometrial cancer or cervical cancer, etc. In addition, senile vaginitis can also easily lead to vaginal bleeding. Therefore, when such symptoms occur, you must go to the hospital in time for a good diagnosis and examination.

1. Endometrial cancer is more common in elderly women, with the most common age being 50 to 69 years old, and 70% to 75% of them are postmenopausal women. Those with the following medical histories should pay close attention: long-term anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding, late menopause, nulliparity or few births; long-term estrogen replacement therapy or long-term use of tamoxifen; endometrial hyperplasia; obesity, diabetes, and the triad of hypertension; and family history of endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, or breast cancer.

2. Cervical cancer Cervical cancer (also known as cervical cancer) is one of the major malignant tumors that endanger the health of women all over the world and is also the most common reproductive system malignant tumor in Chinese women. Cervical cancer is more common in middle-aged women in China. Most early cervical cancers have no special symptoms or signs.

3. Senile vaginitis is mainly caused by decreased estrogen levels and is most common in postmenopausal women. Due to the decrease in estrogen levels, the vaginal wall shrinks, the mucosa becomes thinner, and the local resistance decreases, pathogenic bacteria invade and multiply, causing inflammation.

4. Endometrial inflammation with pyometra is characterized by increased vaginal discharge, which is serous or purulent, often accompanied by fever and dull pain in the lower abdomen. Physical examination revealed an enlarged, softened, and tender uterus, with pus seen oozing out of the dilated cervix. The pathological results of curettage showed no cancer cells. Anti-infection treatment is effective.

5. Submucosal uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, and cervical polyps: Submucosal uterine fibroids and endometrial polyps can both present with bloody or purulent secretions. Diagnostic curettage and hysteroscopy-guided biopsy can be used for differentiation.