Breast cancer immunohistochemistry, introducing authoritative knowledge to you

Once a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer, changes will occur in the cells on the breast, and these changes will affect the endocrine system. Conversely, medicine can gain a more accurate understanding of breast cancer by detecting changes in these indicators.

1. C-erbB2 oncogene

It is lowly expressed in normal breast tissue and its expression rate may increase in breast cancer tissue. Its expression is positively correlated with breast cancer grade, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. The higher the expression rate, the worse the prognosis may be. Cerb-B2 is also the action channel in the expression process of Her-2 gene. If Cerb-B2 is detected as (-) or (+), the Her-2 gene is not amplified. If Cerb-B2 (++), the Her-2 gene is suspected to be positive. If Cerb-B2 (3+), the Her-2 gene is in an amplified state.

2. P53 gene

In immunohistochemistry, P53 is a wild-type gene. Breast cancer cells with a high p53 mutation rate have strong proliferation activity, poor differentiation, high malignancy, strong invasiveness and high lymph node metastasis rate.

3. COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2)

COX-2 is expressed in breast cancer tissues. COX-2 may be a very useful indicator for clinically evaluating patient prognosis and identifying patients at high risk of postoperative recurrence.

4. Ki-67

It is associated with the prognosis of breast cancer, especially in patients with negative lymph node metastasis, and helps determine whether to use adjuvant chemotherapy.

5. E-cadherin

Adhesion molecules can be used as prognostic indicators for breast cancer.

6. PS2

PS2 may be more useful than ER measurement in predicting the response to endocrine therapy, and PS2 expression is the best indicator of the response to endocrine therapy in breast cancer.

VII. p63

The p63 gene itself is a tumor suppressor gene. p63 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. The Breast Angel test can provide the necessary theoretical basis for the early diagnosis, timely treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.

8. Calponin

In the normal breast group, hyperplasia group, and atypical hyperplasia group, almost all myoepithelial cells expressed p63, α-SMA, and Calponin, while all glandular epithelial cells were negative for the three antibodies; this is helpful in determining invasive carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, and atypical hyperplasia.

9. SMA (smooth muscle actin)

Smooth muscle actin is a reliable marker antibody. From normal breast tissue, benign lesions to carcinoma in situ, early invasion and invasive cancer, the disappearance of ME is a gradual process.

10. CyclinD1

High expression of CyclinD1 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of human breast cancer. The clinical significance of high expression in breast cancer is that CyclinD1 expression is correlated with tumor size, TNM stage and axillary lymph node metastasis.