What to do to check for infertility

If you want to effectively treat infertility, you must pay attention to examinations to find out the cause. The examination items include cervical mucus examination, vaginal exfoliated cell examination, and endometrial examination. If problems are found, treatment measures must be taken in time.

1. Cervical mucus examination?

The amount and characteristics of secretion from women's cervical glands vary greatly with the menstrual cycle. This test can determine ovarian function and help diagnose infertility. The examination method is to expose the cervix through a vaginal dilator, and after disinfection, use long curved forceps or cotton swabs to reach into the cervical canal 0.5 cm to clamp or dip a little mucus, and smear it on a glass slide for observation under a microscope. During the ovulation period of women with normal ovulation, large fern-shaped crystals will appear in the cervical mucus due to the influence of estrogen; in the late ovulation period (i.e., the 20th to 22nd day of the menstrual cycle), these crystals gradually disappear. ??

2. Vaginal exfoliated cell examination??

During the embryonic period, the vagina is homologous to the uterus and fallopian tube, and all originate from the paramesonephric duct. The squamous epithelial cells lining the vagina are very sensitive to ovarian hormones (including estrogen, etc.), and estrogen can cause vaginal cells to proliferate and mature. The degree of ovarian proliferation and maturity indirectly reflects the secretion of estrogen by the ovaries during the menstrual cycle, and the ovarian ovulation function can be inferred. Since continuous smears are required every day or at specified times, this method is not easy to popularize. ??

3. Endometrial examination??

The purpose of this procedure is to understand the ovarian function and endometrial lesions of the woman by aspirating the endometrium or scraping an endometrial specimen during a diagnostic curettage (D&C) and sending it for pathological examination. Endometrial examination should be performed 2-3 days before menstruation or immediately after fallopian tube insufflation. This test can only explain the accumulation effect of estrogen, but cannot explain its dynamic process, nor can it reflect the amount of hormone, and cannot meet clinical requirements. This operation will cause some pain to the patient and may also lead to complications, so the indications should be strictly followed. Indications include: ① To understand whether ovulation occurs. ② Find the cause of infertility: measure the depth of the uterine cavity, and use manual inspection to understand whether there are organic lesions, such as uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, tuberculosis, adhesions, etc.; use pathological section examination to understand the changes in the endometrium. Contraindications include the following: ① Trichomonas or candidal vaginitis; ② Acute or subacute pelvic inflammatory disease. ③When using sex hormones, avoid drawing erroneous conclusions. ??