What causes pelvic inflammatory disease in women?

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a common disease among women, and there are many causes of pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Many friends think that pelvic inflammatory disease is a very serious disease, but in fact it can be cured. So what causes pelvic inflammatory disease in women? Next, I will introduce to you the causes of pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Let’s take a look.

The main pathogens that cause pelvic inflammatory disease are: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, anaerobic bacteria, and sexually transmitted pathogens (such as gonococci, Chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma, and herpes virus). The main causes of acute pelvic inflammatory disease are postpartum or abortion infection, postoperative infection after intrauterine surgery, poor menstrual hygiene, and direct spread of inflammation from adjacent organs.

Acute pelvic inflammatory disease can cause the body to develop acute endometritis and acute myometritis, acute salpingitis, pyosalpinx, tubo-ovarian abscess, acute pelvic connective tissue inflammation, acute pelvic peritonitis, sepsis and septicemia, etc. Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease is often caused by failure to thoroughly treat acute pelvic inflammatory disease, or by the patient's poor physical constitution and prolonged course of the disease. It can cause chronic salpingitis and hydrosalpinx, salpingo-oophoritis and tubo-ovarian cysts, and chronic pelvic connective tissue inflammation.

1. Chronic salpingitis and hydrosalpinx Chronic salpingitis is mostly bilateral, with mild or moderate swelling of the fallopian tubes, and the fimbria may be partially or completely closed and adhered to the surrounding tissues. In addition, sometimes the mucosal epithelium and fibrous tissue in the isthmus of the fallopian tube proliferate and adhere, causing the fallopian tube to become nodular and thickened, which is called nodular salpingitis. When the inflammation of the fallopian tube is mild, the fimbria and isthmus will be adhered and closed, and serous exudate will accumulate to form hydrosalpinx; sometimes, pus in the fallopian tube becomes chronic, the pus is gradually absorbed, and the serous fluid continues to seep out from the tube wall and fill the tube cavity, which can also form hydrosalpinx. The surface of the hydrops fallopian tube is smooth, the wall of the tube is very thin, and it is shaped like a sausage or a distillation flask with a curved neck. It curls backwards and may be free or have membrane-like adhesions with the surrounding tissues.

2. Tubal oophoritis and tubo-ovarian cysts When the fallopian tubes become inflamed, they may spread to the ovaries and may adhere to each other to form an inflammatory mass, or the fimbria of the fallopian tubes may adhere to the ovaries and cause fluid to seep out to form tubo-ovarian cysts. It may also be formed by the absorption of pus from tubal ovarian abscesses.

Because the causes of female pelvic inflammatory disease are different, the treatment methods are also very different. Generally speaking, female pelvic inflammatory disease is caused by poor menstrual hygiene, surgical infection, etc. But don't worry, it can be cured. The above is an introduction to how female pelvic inflammatory disease is caused. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.