​Analysis of the efficacy of contraceptive pills

Nowadays, women are becoming less and less responsible for their own bodies. After sex, in order to avoid pregnancy, they resort to emergency contraception, which is harmful to their bodies and has no benefits. Birth control pills are a contraceptive method used to prevent pregnancy, but their contraceptive rate is not 100% effective. So, what are the effects of birth control pills? What is its main function?

The main functions of contraceptive pills:

It inhibits ovulation and changes the cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to penetrate, or reduces the production of glycogen in the uterine glands, making it difficult for the blastocyst to survive, or changes the activity of the uterus and fallopian tubes, hindering the transportation of the fertilized egg.

Mechanism of action:

The mechanism of action is multi-faceted and multi-faceted, and varies depending on the ingredients, preparation, dosage and usage. For example, combined preparations of estrogen and progesterone mainly inhibit ovulation, small doses of progesterone mainly hinder fertilization, and large doses of progesterone mainly prevent implantation. The above classification of application mechanisms is relative.

1. Steroid hormones that mainly inhibit ovulation

After oral administration, the blood concentration of estrogen and progesterone increases, which inhibits the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus through negative feedback. In addition, the sex hormones in the blood also have a direct inhibitory effect on the anterior pituitary, which can reduce the secretion of gonadotropin by the anterior pituitary, and the amount of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the blood. Since the secretion of FSH is inhibited, the growth and maturation of follicles are hindered, there are no mature follicles for ovulation, and the estrogen peak before ovulation is also cancelled. Because the LH surge during the mid-cycle disappears, the ovulation process is inhibited.

2. Steroid hormones that mainly hinder fertilization

After taking small doses of progesterone orally, it changes the physical and chemical properties of cervical mucus and hinders fertilization. Progesterone can inhibit the secretion of cervical mucus, reducing the amount of mucus but increasing the viscosity and cell content, which is not conducive to sperm penetration, making it difficult for sperm to pass through, thereby hindering fertilization. When progesterone is dominant, sperm capacitation is inhibited and sperm loses its fertilization ability, thus affecting fertilization. Taking small doses of progestin continuously throughout the menstrual cycle can hinder fertilization. Its advantage is that it does not contain estrogen and has fewer side effects. However, its contraceptive effect is worse than that of estrogen and progestin combination preparations, and the incidence of irregular bleeding is higher, so it is rarely used.

There are a few points to note about contraceptives: emergency contraceptives can only be taken once during each menstrual cycle. Emergency contraceptives are only a temporary contraceptive method and cannot be used as a long-term contraceptive method. If you still become pregnant after taking emergency contraceptives, the chances of the fetus being malformed are very high. Therefore, do not choose emergency contraceptive methods lightly.