What is hypothyroidism? Do the symptoms of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are the same?

Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are both diseases of the thyroid gland, but they are different diseases. We often say that iodine deficiency in the body can cause goiter, and goiter is a problem with the thyroid gland. But it does not mean that hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism is iodine deficiency. So what are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism?

What is hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism is a systemic hypometabolic syndrome caused by low thyroid hormone levels due to various reasons, or thyroid hormone resistance. One of its main pathological characteristics is the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in tissues and skin, causing myxedema.

According to its causes, we mainly divide it into the following three categories:

The first is primary hypothyroidism. Primary hypothyroidism is caused by some diseases of the thyroid gland itself, which causes abnormal thyroid function. This type of primary hypothyroidism accounts for 90% of hypothyroidism.

The second situation is central hypothyroidism, which is caused by hypothalamic pituitary lesions that reduce the secretion of thyroid hormones.

Another condition is thyroid hormone resistance syndrome, which refers to the situation where there is an obstacle in the thyroid hormone achieving this effect in peripheral tissues, and more thyroid hormone levels are needed to maintain normal function, resulting in hypothyroidism.

Do hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have the same symptoms?

The difference between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism is that they are exactly opposite. That is to say, hyperthyroidism is east and hypothyroidism is west. They are opposites.

Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid gland. Typical clinical manifestations include increased appetite but weight loss, irritability, anxiety, tension, bulging eyes, hand tremors, muscle weakness, menstrual disorders in women, decreased menstrual volume or amenorrhea, and in severe cases, it can lead to hyperthyroid heart disease.

Hypothyroidism is a hypothyroidism. Typical clinical manifestations include not being hungry easily, eating less, constipation, weight gain or difficulty losing weight, fear of cold, fatigue, drowsiness, depression, slow heartbeat, constipation, and memory loss. The only gold standard for thyroid disease is thyroid function test. Nowadays, people are under great pressure in life and work, and many employee physical examinations do not include thyroid function tests, so the disease is easy to be ignored, and severe cases can lead to slow movement, sluggishness, and dementia.

What causes hypothyroidism

1. Reduce

It mainly refers to the decrease in the production of parathyroid hormone, which can be secreted by the parathyroid glands.

Total thyroidectomy can fundamentally reduce the production of parathyroid hormone; parathyroid damage and iodine-131 treatment can greatly reduce the production of parathyroid hormone; the influence of disease factors such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, chronic lymphocytic goiter, and atrophic thyroiditis can also lead to reduced thyroid production.

2. Inhibition

The main effect is that the secretion of parathyroid hormone is inhibited.

Magnesium is one of the elements in our body. It can combine with the parathyroid gland to secrete parathyroid hormone. When the magnesium content in our body decreases, the binding rate with the parathyroid gland is reduced, thereby inhibiting the secretion of parathyroid hormone.

Taking too much iodine can not only induce and aggravate autoimmune thyroiditis, but also inhibit the parathyroid gland from secreting parathyroid hormone.

All medicines are toxic. When taking lithium salts, thioureas and other drugs, the synthesis of parathyroid hormone can also be inhibited.

In general, reduced parathyroid hormone production and inhibition of parathyroid hormone secretion are the main causes of hypoparathyroidism.