Scrotal melanoma

Scrotal melanoma is a common disease among women. This disease often causes infection or metastasis, and is relatively difficult to treat. However, in daily life, early detection and early treatment should be carried out to increase the possibility of cure. Don't wait until the cancer becomes malignant before going to the hospital, as it will be too late and difficult to cure. You should also develop good living habits and pay attention to the hygiene of your private parts.

Causes and symptoms

Melanoma is a malignant tumor that originates from cells that produce melanin. The symptoms include the sudden appearance or rapid growth of a mole, the deepening of color, the appearance of comet-shaped tumors or pigment rings around it, local pain, infection, ulcers or bleeding, and the appearance of swollen lymph nodes. The tumor is more common in the lower limbs, followed by the head, neck, upper limbs, eyes, under the nails and labia. In the early stages, it can metastasize to the liver, brain, bones, mucosa, etc. through the lymphatics and blood. The onset of the disease is closely related to moles. Moles on the palms, soles of the feet, and eyes that are frequently rubbed, as well as moles located at the junction of the epidermis and dermis, are prone to malignant transformation and are considered to be the precursors of melanoma. Melanoma is also called malignant melanoma. It is a skin tumor related to orthopedics. Benign melanoma, also known as pigmented nevus, often does not attract attention. Melanoma can be malignant from the outset, but usually develops from a junctional nevus. This is a more common and more malignant tumor. It is more common in adults over 30 years old, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. The most common sites are the lower limbs, especially the feet, followed by the upper limbs, head and neck, and trunk. The cause of the disease is still unknown, but some cases have a history of skin injury, burns and X-ray exposure may be the cause. A small number of cases are related to endocrine factors, and familial tendencies have also been reported. The tumor is gray-black, nodular, soft, and sometimes ulcerated. Microscopically, the tumor cells are mostly spindle-shaped, round or polygonal, with varying amounts of melanin granules in the cytoplasm. They appear black in appearance. The tumor cells vary in size and are arranged in diffuse, nested, glandular or trabecular shapes. This tumor should be treated promptly regardless of whether it has metastasized or not.

Age, location, and clinical features

Most melanomas are primary and affect adults and children, particularly those with neurocutaneous manifestations. Solitary melanomas of the meninges occur in the same locations as benign melanocytic tumors, most often in the posterior cranial fossa and cervical meninges. Clinically, patients present with intracranial hypertension or corresponding neurological symptoms due to spinal cord compression by tumors.

Clinical manifestations

The tumor is a single solid mass, often with a capsule, and may be black, reddish brown, of varying shades, or non-pigmented.

Microscopic appearance

Histologically, the tumors are arranged similarly to melanocytic tumors, presenting as sheets or bundles, or in nests. The tumor cells are pleomorphic and have obvious atypia. Large and bizarre tumor cells, including multinucleated giant cells, can be seen with varying amounts of melanin. The nucleoli are clear and nuclear divisions are easy to see, with 6 to 10 nucleoli per high-power field of view. Infiltration of the brain and spinal cord parenchyma is common. Local necrosis and hemorrhage were seen in some cases. Since some cases have no melanin deposition in tumor cells, the possibility of melanoma should be considered based on the location of the tumor and the above morphology and should not be missed. If malignant meningeal melanoma is accompanied by secondary diffuse meningeal spread or multiple lesions, it is called meningeal melanoma.