What causes vaginal bleeding?

Some women have not yet reached their menstrual period, but after some strenuous exercise, such as mountain climbing, long-distance running, etc., they often experience vaginal bleeding. This bleeding is often not as heavy as the menstrual period and does not last too long, but this situation can also make women worry. So, what causes women to experience vaginal bleeding after exercise?

1. Imbalance in sex hormone secretion. In anovulatory functional uterine bleeding, single and long-term estrogen stimulation causes the endometrium to proliferate progressively, proliferate to a highly adenocystic type, proliferate excessively adenomatous type, and even gradually become endometrial cancer. Due to the lack of progesterone antagonism and glandular secretion, the endometrium is thickened, the glands increase, the glandular cavity is enlarged, and the glandular epithelium proliferates abnormally. The intimal blood supply increases and the spiral arterioles become tortuous. The polymerization and gelation of acidic particulate polysaccharide (AMPS) caused by estrogen reduces the permeability of blood vessels in the interstitium, affects the exchange of substances, causes local endometrial tissue ischemia, necrosis, and shedding, and causes bleeding. The coagulation effect of acidic particulate polysaccharide also hinders the shedding of the endometrium, causing asynchronous exfoliation of the endometrium and causing long-term irregular bleeding of the endometrium.

2. Functional uterine bleeding is often accompanied by a decrease in coagulation factors, deficiency of coagulation factors V, VII, X, and XII, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and iron deficiency. At the same time, the amount of endometrial plasmin-activating substances increases and the activity is enhanced, activating plasminogen to form plasmin. Plasmin cleaves fibrin, increasing myofibrin degradation products and reducing plasma fibrin, resulting in a defibrinogenated state in the uterus, which in turn affects the coagulation and hemostasis process at the tip of the normal endometrial spiral arterioles and the vascular lake, leading to long-term heavy bleeding.

If you are not in your menstrual period but experience a small amount of vaginal bleeding after exercise, it is best to see a doctor immediately, because this may be functional uterine bleeding or a disorder of sex hormone secretion. Let the doctor treat you symptomatically to avoid long-term bleeding that may cause symptoms of anemia in the body and may also lead to the occurrence of some complications.